Describe the protocols governing the web?

HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol used by the world wide web. Http defines how messages are formatted and transmitted and what actions web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands. Http is called a stateless protocol because each command is executed independently.

IP: Internet Protocol is the central unifying protocol it the TCP/IP suite. It provides the basic delivery mechanism for packets of data sent between all systems on internet.

TCP/IP: TCP/IP is a name given to the collection of networking protocols that have been used to construct the global internet.

FTP: File Transfer Protocol allows you to send files to a remote computer. You can also update files at a server. People who create web pages can use FTP to get their files to the server where they will be accessed.

Discuss Web Project?

Web project are mainly concern with building project on time and within budget. Web project are the project which can be run on an online environment like Internet, Intranet or Extranet.

Who is the father of web?

In 1968 a request for proposal was floating to create the ARPANET, Bolt Beranek and Newman was awarded the prime contract. ARPA awarded other contract to AT&T for communication circuits, Network Analysis Corporation for designing the network topologies. So, Bolt Beranek and Newman can be considered as father of the web.

Write a short note on hackers?

Whenever the word hacking or hacker comes to our mind, the image is created is that of an intelligent being who is criminal by nature, who attacks other computers, damages it, break codes, send viruses etc.  Their mindset are as if the hackers are the computer criminals. They have a very wrong notion in this regard and have a completely negative attitude and utter dislike for the hackers. In this regard, the media has wrongly associated the computer criminals as 'hackers' The media has played a major role and has its hands behind this creation of negative connotation of the word hacker. General public may spread rumors but it is hard to believe, someone speaking about completely new term, which is also a totally new concept to him.

But the fact is that the term 'Hacker' and 'computer criminals' are absolutely two different terms and are not linked with each other in any respect. They speak what they read and listen from others. For this, whenever any cyber crime occurred, by unauthorized use of other computer system, the news published and delivered in public was by the use of the term hacking.    

Write a short note on copyright?

Copyright is a form of protection provided to the authors of 'original works of authorship' including literary, dramatic, artistic and other certain intellectual work, both published and unpublished. The 1976 Copyright Act generally gives the owner of copyright the exclusive right reproduce the copyrighted work, to prepare derivative works, to distribute copies of the copyrighted work., to perform the copyrighted work publicly or to display the copyrighted work publicly. The copyright protects the form of expression rather than the subject matter of writing.

Write a short note on spam?

Spam may be defined as unsolicited bulk e-mail or unsolicited commercial e-mail. In either case, it is important to note that spam is unsolicited which means that there is no prior relationship between the parties concerned and the recipient has not explicitly consented to receive the communication.

Tujhe bhoolkar bhi na bhool payenge hum, Bas yahi ek wada nibha payenge hum.
Mita denge khud ko bhi jahan se lekin, Tera naam dil se na mita payenge hum..

Ye pyari nigahein yaad rahengi, milkar na milne ki ada yaad rahegi, mumkin nahi ki main tumhe bhula dun, aur umar bhar tumhe bhi meri yaad rahegi.

Dosti insan ki zaroorat hai, dilon pe dosti ki huqumat hai, aap ke pyar ki wajah se zinda hain warna khuda ko bhi hamari zaroorat hai.

Aansuo ke girne ki aahat nahi hoti, Dil ke tootne ki awaaz nahi hoti, Agar hota khuda ko ehsaas dard ka, to use dard dene ki Aadat nahi hoti..

Hamara har lamha chura liya aapne, aankhon ko ik chand dikha diya aapne. Hamein zindagi to di kisi aur ne, par pyaar itna dekar jeena sikha diya aapne.

Woh nadiyan nahi aansu they mere, jinpar woh kashti chalate rahe.
Manzil mile unhein yeh chahat thi meri, isliye hum aansu bahate rahe.

Ummido ki shama dil me mat jalana,
is jahan se alag duniya mat basana,
aaj bas mood me tha to SMS kar diya,
par roj intezar me palke mat bichana!

Is kadar hum yaar ko manane nikle, uski chahat ke hum deewane nikle, jab bhi use dil ka haal batana chaha, to uske hothon se waqt na hone ke bahane nikle...

A cup of hot hello, a plate of crispy wishes, a plate of sweet smile and a slice of great success. Hope this breakfast makes your day lovely.

raat meri aankh se ek aansu nikal aaya,
maine pucha tu bahar kyun aaya,
wo bola, koi in aankhon mein is kadar hai samaya,
ke chaah kar bhi main apni jagah naa bana paaya.

yaad kisiko karna baat nahi jatane ki,
dil par chot dena aadat hai zamane ki,
hum aapko yaad bilkul nahi karte,
kyunki yaad karna to ek nishani hai bhul jaane ki.

Har aarzoo hamesha adhuri nahi hoti,
do dilo mein kabhi doorie nahi hoti,
jinke dilo mein aap jaise dost baste ho,
unke liye to 'dhadkan' bhi jaruri nahi hoti.

Aasma hi jhuk gaya kisi kami ke waaste,
mar rahe the hum khushi ke waaste,
zindagi hi lut gayi to kaun puchta hai yahan,
dhundhte hi rah gaye khushi ke raaste.

Explain Mobility?

Mobility is related with the location management. When we have to locate a mobile station which can hold data and select information location parameter is consider. In mobility every mobile unit have a home base station which control the location of mobile station and keep track on them. In mobility management base stations are connected to mobile switching center. MSC work as a interface for the mobile stations. In mobility, location of mobile stations is also supported by restricted broadcast within the area of mobile unit.

Why is data replication needed in mobile environment?

In mobile environment, the replication of data and services will be essential. This is because users and their transactions move from one cell to another while accessing the database. Unless the data moves with the users in  the form of a cache or a mobile disk storage, data will need to be retransmitted back and forth. Retransmission wastes the limited communication bandwidth and slow down transaction processing because of transmission delay.

Data can be replicate at three levels-

1. At source system level, where multiple copies are maintained at different station host

2. Data can be cache into the data access agent on base station

3. The data proxy cache can be cached at the mobile unit.

Replication Schemes:

• Follow Me Replication Unconditional
• Follow Me Replication Unconditional on Demand
• Follow Me Replication Conditional
• Follow Me Replication Conditional on Demand

Describe Bluetooth Technology and the model adopted by this technology?

Bluetooth Technology allow the communication among wireless devices such as mobile phones, laptops, pda etc. are communicate with each other without using any cables. Devices use short range radio waves for communications.

The target of this technology is to connect large number of peoples in a common geographic mode.

This technology have following considerable issues:

1. Technology should be inexpensive and support to the features of cables.

2. It must be secure.

3. It has to connect number of devices for mobile users.

4. The transfer of data rates consistent with the requirement of mobile user.

5. It corporate with the kind of data such ass text, voice, graphics.

6. It must have to support both personal and private connection.

7. It should be compact and have to support small portable devices.

8. It must have to support wireless global area network.

Bluetooth technology usage model are following:

Voice Data Access Points: In this model a computing device is communicate with a communicating device by secure wireless link.

Peripheral Interconnects: In this model the peripherals are connected with each other. Such as mouse, keyboards etc. work over a wireless link.

Personal Area Network: This model is used to make a wireless communication among different users with the help of a wireless communication device. It focus on ad-hoc formation and personal networks.   

Write a short note on satellite?

It include satellite in space and a earth stations on the ground, which are linked with each other through satellite. User transmits base band signals to the earth station by a terrestrial network. Signals modulated by RF carrier at earth station. Satellite receives these signals its uplink frequency spectrum.

Bandwidth of the satellite is 500 MHz on uplink and downlink frequencies. C-band is 6/4 GHz band with uplink frequency of 5.925-6.425 GHz and downlink frequency of 3.700- 4.200 Ghz.

Satellite Components -

1. Ground Segment Equipment

2. Free Space

3. Spaced Segment

What is FDMA?

FDMA stands for Frequency Division Multiple Access. In this technology each earth station is assigned one carrier with a small guard band so that interference between adjacent carriers can be avoided. It is based upon division of frequency band over 30 channels. All carriers are received by satellite transponder and retransmitted back to earth. This technology is for Advanced Mobile Phone Services.

Don't take life too seriously, always find time to laugh, remember that laughter not only adds years to your life but adds more life to your years.

Heart is equal to a mirror, mirror shows reflection and heart show affection. Both have one equal quality, can't be reformed once broken.

Rulana har kisi ko aata hai, lekin hasana kisi kisi ko aata hai,
rula ke jo mana le wo sachcha yaar hai, aur jo rula ke khud bhi ro de wo sachcha pyar hai.

A good plan of today is better than a great plan of tomorrow, look backward with satisfaction and look forward with confidence.

When i first saw you, i was afraid to talk,
when i first talked to you, i was afraid to like you,
when i first liked you, i was afraid to love you,
now that i love you, i am afraid to loose you.

Chandni ne chaand ko yaad kiya,
barsat ne badal ko yaad kiya,
hamare paas aapke siva kuch nahi,
isiliye humne aapko yaad kiya.

Sometime you miss me, sometime i do,
sometime you hurt me, sometime i do,
sometime you sms me, sometime i do,
sometime you forget me, thats the only thing i never do.

khamosh raat ke pehlu mein sitare na hote,
in rukhi aankhon mein rangeen nazare naa hote,
hum bhi naa karte itne sms agar aap itne pyare na hote.

kya kahe ke kuch kaha nahi jata,
dard meetha hai saha nahi jata,
rishta ban gaya hai is kadar aapse ki,
bina yaad kiye aapko raha nahi jata.

True and Great relationship is about two main things, first is to find out the similarities and the second is to respect the differences.

I know relationship is hard to keep, but even it gets harder i wouldn't give up because if its hard to keep you then it will be a lot harder to find you again.

The best time of your life are those when you say, 'Yes, I am fine' and you know that someone would look into your eyes and say, 'Enough, now tell the truth'

What is CDMA?

CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access. It is wideband spread spectrum technology by which multiple  conversations are spread over a wide segment of cellular broadcast system. CDMA is also known as spread spectrum. In this technology-

1. Every data is assigned a unique code to distinguish from multiple calls.

2. Multiple calls can be transmit simultaneously over a same broadcast spectrum.

3. At receiving end, if the receiving device has right code than it can pick its conversations from all others.

It is used in military satellite system. It is secure and uses more spectrum efficiencies.  

What is TDMA?

It stands for Time Division Multiple Access. It is a digital system which has some standards. TDMA is based upon time division multiplexing technology. This technology squeezes three calls onto a single 30 KHz transmission channel. In TDMA at time share approach number of users share a common carrier frequency so that to communicate with a base station.

Every call has allotted a separated time on a frequency and then it is transported from one cell to another cell. Data is transmitted from one cell to another cell. Data is transmitted within a from in the downstream or upstream.

This technology based upon divination of radio channel by which information are transmit in unique time slots while channel are unique. TDMA also operate with on existing channel structure.

How do we categorize cellular standards in different generations?

Three digital cellular standard are based on TDM third generation. The European standard is GSM (global system for mobile communication)

The TDMA based digital cellular standard (TA IS-54) in the United States is designed to coexist with the analog (AMPS) system using dual mode terminals provide by the TIA1S.41 implement in north and south America. An enhanced version of IS-54 called TIA IS-136 offer many additional capability. Also known as D-AMPS. The Japaneses have developed the PDC (Personal Digital Cellular) which is similar to D-AMPS.

A CDMA based cellular system has been standardized in United States as TIA IS-95.

Second generation cellular mobile system using digital technology are now being deployed either in parallel with as replacement of existing analog cellular system.

We've known each other for quite a while now, do u think we can b more than friends? cos i like u very much. will u b my partner 2 rob a bank?

Fact1: You can not touch your lower lip with your tounge...






Fact2: After reading this, 99/100 idiots would try it..

You are equal to sixty james bond!


How??


007 * 60 = 420

You are one of the most CUTE persons in the world!!


Just a second, don't misunderstand.
CUTE means:
Creating
Useless
Troubles
Everywhere..

I want U to know that U are very important to me, It's impossible for me to live without U even 4 a second! U r my life & I can feel U everywhere.... DON'T MIND I WAS TALKING ABOUT OXYGEN...

SomeOne..
MiSSES U..
NeeDS U..
Worries About U
Lonely Without U
Guess Who?
THE MONKEY IN
... THE ZOO ...

Hi,

Doing nothing?

Then Make a Place,

4 Me in ur Heart!!

I May come there any time!

Ur's Faithfully,

"HeArT aTtAcK"

A study has proved that all fools use their THUMB while reading a SMS.
Now its 2 late dont try 2 change ur finger! Catch another fool!

WARNING ! ! !



This is a VIRUS . . .



When you turn your phone off it WON'T WORK AGAIN

A notice in a factory for girl workers.
"If your skirt is long, protect yourself from machines at work.. If it is short, protect yourself from men at work"

Wives r incoming calls,
Lovers r outgoing calls,
Aunties r Toll-free calls,
Callgirls r Roaming calls,
Neighbour girls r Missed Calls.

A dentist was caught raping a girl. Next day headline, "Dentist caught filling wrong cavity".

Colour of underwear reflects your mood:
Red - Wild,
Black - Sexy,
Blue - Romantic,
Pink - Seductive
White - Calm,
Yellow - time to change your undrewear!

Q:Whats the difference between magnets and women

A: magnets have a positive side

Girl: Will you love me after marriage also?
Boy: This depends on your husband, if he allows me.

SORRY Dont get confused, arey baba 'SORRY' means S - SOME O - ONE'S R - REALLY, R - REMEMBERING Y - YOU.

Remember the good times we had spent together, and the beautiful future we had dreamy of...
Darling I never wanted to create a distance between us...
Please let us bridge the gaps...

I'm sorry to be smiling every time you're near. I'm sorry my eyes twinkle whenever you're here. I'm sorry that cupid has made his hit. I'm sorry I love you, I can't help it.

Making memorable moments for yourself is not a big thing, but you being the key person in others memorable moment is an everlasting thing.

Sometimes the world gives me so many reasons to hate it, but whenever it happens i just stop and say, 'How can i hate this world, when you are a part of it.'

To enjoy few minutes, 'listen a song'
to enjoy few hours, 'see a movie'
to enjoy few years, 'join college'
to enjoy whole life, 'keep in touch with me always'

Every tear is sign of commitment,
Every silence is sign of compromise,
Every smile is sign of attachment
and every sms is sign of remembrance.

Jeene ke liye jaan jaruri hai,
hamare liye to aap jaruri hain,
mere chehre par chahe gum ho,
lekin aapke chehre par muskaan jaruri hai.

If i die, take my heart before burning my body and keep that safe, I don't care for my heart, but i care for those who are in my heart.

Samay ki tanhai mein kho mat jana,
kisi ki masti mein dub mat jana,
milegi kal jarur manjil aapko,
magar apni manjil paakar humko bhul na jana.

You are one of the few, who create an unforgettable impression in my life and touch heart and soul. You are very precious to me.

The 4 hardest tasks on earth -
1. to return love for hate
2. to include the excluded
3. to forgive without an asked apology
4. to be able to say 'i was wrong'

Feet could only walk for a mile, clothes won't forever be in style, but having you as my friend is forever worthwhile.

Khubhiya to itni nahi hamme ki har dil mein bas jaye, par itna kah sakte hai seena thook ke ki bhulana aasan nahi  jis dil mein hum bas jaye.

Only eyes speaks truth, neither the mirror nor the lips, the person who love you, can see pain in your eyes while everyone else believes in your smile.

To love without condition,
To talk without hesitation,
To give without reason,
To care without expectation,
is the heart of true relation called true love.

Adhura hai aasma sitaro ke bina,
Adhura hai samandar kinaro ke bina,
Adhuri hai fiza baharo ke bina,
aur adhuri hai ye zindagi aapke bina.

Past is a waste paper,
Present is a news paper,
Future is a question paper,
Life is an answer paper,
So, carefully read, write and live.

Ek ada aap ke dil churane kii,
ek ada aap ke dil mein bas jaane kii,
chehra aap ka chaand sa,
aur ... ek hasrat hamari chaand paane kii.

I like the world because you live here,
I like the wind because it touches you,
I like the sun because it shines on you,
I love God because he made you to be my love forever.

Tarasti najro ne har pal aapka deedar manga,
jaise amavas ne har raat chaand manga,
ruth gaya wo khuda bhi humse,
jab humne har dua mein aapka saath maanga.

Make a heart which never breaks.
Make a smile which never hurts.
Make a touch which never pains.
Make a relationship which never ends.

Best feeling in life: 'To be remembered by a person, whom you don't expect.'
Worst feeling in life: 'To be forgotten by the one whom you always remember.'

Har baat samjhane ke liye nahi hoti,
zindagi hamesha paane ke liye nahi hoti,
yaad aksar aati hai aapki,
par har yaad jatane ke liye nahi hoti.

waqt ki ho dhoop ya ho tej aandhiyan,
kuch kadmo ke nishaan kabhi nahi khote,
jinhe yaad karke muskura de aankhen,
wo door hokar bhi door nahi hote.

We die to finish school, then die to start college, then die to start working, then die to marry, den to retire and finally while dying we realise that we forgot something - we forgot to live.

The most beautiful thing to see a person smiling and even more beautiful is knowing that you are the reason behind it. Be a reason for others to smile.

Smooth roads never makes good drivers, problem free life never makes strong persons, so never ask destiny, 'Why me?' instead challenge, 'try me.'

Destiny is simply the strength of your desires.If you cry at a trouble, it grows double. If you laugh at a trouble, it disappears like a bubble.

Famous saying by Carl Louis, "I may be walking slowly, but i never walk backwards, and whenever i walk backwards, its for a long jump." 

Kyun kisi se itna pyar ho jata hai,
ek din ka intezar bhi dushwaar ho jata hai,
lagne lagte hain apne bhi paraye,
aur ek ajnabi par aitbaar ho jata hai.

1 Advice - Don't change
1 Request - Take Care
1 Wish - Don't forget me
1 Lie - I hate you
1 Truth - I miss you
1 Hope - We'll always be good friends

A friend is always welcome, early in the morning or late at night. Time is of no importance, when it concerns real friendship.

Do you know whats relation between smile and your face?
Your face looks good with smile but smile looks more good when it's on your face. Always be happy.

Definition of my love: "My medicine when i m in pain, my words when i m silent, my pillow when i cry, one more breath when i die."

Kuch beete hue lamho se mulakat hui,
kuch haseen sapno se baat hui,
yaad jo karne baithe un tamaam yaadon ko,
to aapki hi yaadon se shuruvat hui.

As long as we have memories, yesterday remains.
As long as we have hope, tomorrow awaits.
As long as we have relationship, each day is never a waste.

Thousand words don't give pain but a sweet lovable person's silence creates more tears in heart, So don't maintain silence with your special ones.

Explain Wireless Technology for Mobile Communication?

In this technology communication can take place in several directions. It provides anywhere, anytime communications. In wireless system a low energy radio waves on a local antenna site connect the user to make a link with a destination node. In mobile communication a computerized system monitors each call.

Wireless technology is based upon two methods:

• Radio Based System
• Light Based System

Radio Based System: It include land based wireless or satellite based wireless systems. In this system radio frequency signals travel over frequencies from 100 KHz to 20 GHz. Radio Frequency signals may be local or wide, depend upon frequency ranges. Radio frequency communication is 10 miles while 2 way cover 6 miles.

In land based radio system data is receive and send at low powers transmitter and receivers. Land based system rely upon private packet networks, circuit switched cellular services and so on.

In satellite based system a global communication take place. This system is ideal for broadcast applications. Every satellite receive signals from a set of frequency, amplifies them and again retransmit to another frequency.

It is very reliable communication. It is useful to disperse or gathered the data from many remote nodes. It is also inexpensive.

Light Based System: It is based upon the infrared waves. In light based system light pulses are sending by a light emitted diode (LED) to a photo sensor which decodes the signals. For light based system no physical interruption take place for sending and receiving data.

For transformation of data infrared equipment are required which can be of low or high speed. A low speed device range is from 115 to 250 Kbps and a high speed device range is above 500 Kbps and data transfer rate is about 1.25 megabytes per second.

Infrared devices also used with RF transceivers, which transfer data within a 10 meter range. Infrared system is not expensive. It is used in transmission of data, updating of files, downloading schedules etc.

When the mid-nite bell rings tonight..
Let it signify new and better things for you,
let it signify a realisation of all things you wish for,
Let it signify a year of courage and believes,
Wishing you a very...very...very prosperous new year.

" I Wish in this new year God gives You..
12 Month of Happiness,
52 Weeks of Fun,
365 Days Success,
8760 Hours Good Health,
52600 Minutes Good Luck,
3153600 Seconds of Joy...and that's all!

Memorable moment r celebrated together,
U r my best friend for now & forever,
Make me Miss U even more this New Year,
Hope this year bring Happiness for you Dear.

Each moment in a day has its own value. Morning brings HOPE, Afternoon brings
FAITH, Evening brings LOVE, Night brings REST, Hope you will all of them
everyday. HAPPY NEW YEAR.

Year's end is neither an end nor a beginning but a going on, with all the wisdom that experience can instill in us.Happy New Year

In ‘The Universal Bank of God’…
God stores his blessings & deposited 365 days full of love,faith & happiness for you…
So,Enjoy spending…
Happy New Year.

New Year's Day: Now is the accepted time to make your regular annual good resolutions. Next week you can begin paving hell with them as usual.

Time has no divisions to mark its passage, there is never a thunder-storm or blare of trumpets to announce the beginning of a new month or year.

Keep the smile, leave the tear, Think of joy, forget the fear... Hold the laugh, leave the pain, Be joyous , Coz its new year!HAPPY NEW YEAR

Fill ur life with Happiness & Bright Cheer,
Bring to u Joy and Prosperity for the whole Year,
And it's my New Year wish 4u Dear...
Wish u a VERY HAPPY NEW YEAR.

New Year begins, let us pray, that it will be a year with new Peace, New Happiness, and abundance of new friends,,God bless you through out the new Year.

Here is a wishing that the coming year is a glorious one that rewards all your future endeavors with success"

Like birds, let us, leave behind what we don’t need to carry…
GRUDGES SADNESS PAIN FEAR and REGRETS.
Life is beautiful, Enjoy it. HAPPY NEW YEAR

HAPPY NEW YEAR
Receive my simple gift of LOVE
Wrapped with SINCERITY
Tied with CARE &
Sealed with BLESSINGS
2 Keep u HAPPY & SAFE all the life long.
HAPPY NEW YEAR....

For last year's words belong to last year's language
And next year's words await another voice.
And to make an end is to make a beginning.Happy New Year.

Before the golden sun sets,
old calender is destroyed,
And mobile networks get jammed,
I wish in new year every moment is enjoyed

Beauty.. Freshness.. Dreams.. Truth.. Imagination.. Feeling.. Faith.. Trust.. This is begining of a new year!